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Burn: Damage to the skin or other body parts caused by extreme heat, flame, contact with heated objects, or chemicals. Burn depth is generally categorized as first, second, or third degree. The treatment of burns depends on the depth, area, and location of the burn, as well as additional factors, such as material that may be burned onto or into the skin. Treatment options range from simply applying a cold pack to emergency treatment to skin grafts.

Histamine A protein that can be released as part of the body's immune system responses during an allergic reaction. Presence of histamine can lead to inflammation and swelling, which is why antihistamines often are prescribed for allergy symptoms.(01 November 2007 - Online blog Dr. Boothe Lasik )

Phakic An eye that still has its natural lens. When an eye is aphakic, usually the lens has been removed during cataract or other eye surgery.

Anterior chamber Part of the eye behind the cornea and in front of the iris and lens.

Low vision Also called partial sight. Sight that cannot be satisfactorily corrected with glasses, contacts, or surgery. Low vision usually results from an eye disease such as glaucoma or macular degeneration.

Corneal: Pertaining to the cornea, the clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye.Dr. Boothe

Meibomian gland Gland found in the eyelid that produces the oily outer layer of the three-layer tear film that lubricates the eye.

Headache : A pain in the head with the pain being above the eyes or the ears, behind the head (occipital), or in the back of the upper neck. Headache, like chest pain or back ache, has many causes. (06 March 2009 Boothe Eye Center )

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Median When applied to numbers, a value that falls exactly in the middle of a specified range. Half of the numbers are above the median, and half of the numbers are below the median. As an example, "five" is the median of a range of numbers from one to nine.

Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the part of the eye that collectively refers to the iris, the choroid of the eye, and the ciliary body. The uvea provides most of the blood supply to the retina. Uveitis as a rule signifies inflammation involving the iris, choroid, and ciliary body -- all three components of the uveal tract.( 27 June 2009 Press article Boothe Eye Care )


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Pterygium Triangular fold of tissue on the white of the eye that can eventually grow over part of the cornea; the cause may be irritation from sun (i.e., UV rays), dust and wind. Some people have no symptoms, while others may have redness or blurred vision. Pterygia that are chronically inflamed can become itchy. Read more about pterygium and pinguecula.

Anti-reflective coating (AR coating) Thin layer(s) applied to a lens to reduce the amount of reflected light and glare that reaches the eye. Read more about anti-reflective coatings.(29 October 2009 - Online article Boothe Eye Care )

Keratoplasty Any of several types of corneal surgery, such as shrinking the collagen to reduce farsightedness or transplanting a new cornea to treat keratoconus.

Edema Accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid, which causes swelling.

Refractive error When light rays don't properly refract from the cornea to the retina, it is a refractive error. This can take the form of myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness) or astigmatism.

OU Abbreviation for "oculus uterque," the Latin term for "each eye," used in vision correction prescriptions to indicate both eyes. Also an abbreviation for "oculi unitas" or "oculi uniter," meaning both eyes working simultaneously together.Dr. William Boothe Dallas

Limbus Boundary area connecting the cornea and sclera; the three form the eye's outermost layer.

Low vision Also called partial sight. Sight that cannot be satisfactorily corrected with glasses, contacts, or surgery. Low vision usually results from an eye disease such as glaucoma or macular degeneration. (16 March 2007 Dr. Boothe Dallas )

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Fovea A depression in the retina that contains only cones (not rods), and that provides acute eyesight.

Trauma: Any injury , whether physically or emotionally inflicted. "Trauma" has both a medical and a psychiatric definition. Medically, "trauma" refers to a serious or critical bodily injury, wound, or shock . This definition is often associated with trauma medicine practiced in emergency rooms and represents a popular view of the term. In psychiatry , "trauma" has assumed a different meaning and refers to an experience that is emotionally painful, distressful, or shocking, which often results in lasting mental and physical effects.( 13 April 2008 Press article Dr. William Boothe Lasik )


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Keratoconjunctivitis Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Flap and zap Slang for LASIK.(01 July 2008 - Online press article Boothe Eye Center )

Nearsightedness Also called myopia. Condition in which visual images come to a focus in front of the retina, resulting in defective vision of distant objects.

Membrane: A very thin layer of tissue that covers a surface.

Diabetic vitreous hemorrhage Bleeding into the gel-like (vitreous humor) interior of the eye, originating from blood vessels weakened by diabetes. Because blood in the vitreous can block vision, a vitrectomy may be required. For more about diabetes and eye disease, read our article about diabetic retinopathy.

Microkeratome Small instrument that surgeons use to cut the cornea.Dr. Boothe Lasik

Contact dermatitis: A skin condition caused by contact between skin and some substance. Includes irritant contact dermatitis (a rash brought on purely by repeated irritation from a substance such as water causing "dish pan hands") and allergic contact dermatitis (involving a specific sensitivity or allergy to a specific substance such as poison ivy).

Wear schedule How long you wear your contact lenses: either daily wear (you remove the lenses each night) or extended wear (you may sleep with them in). It's important to differentiate between wear schedule and replacement schedule — that is, how often you discard and replace your lenses. (27 September 2007 Dr. Boothe Laser Center )

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Cranial nerve palsy Palsy (full or partial paralysis) of the third, fourth or sixth cranial nerves can result in difficulty moving the eye with such symptoms as eyes that don't point in the same direction, reduced depth perception, double vision, ptosis, vision loss, a dilated pupil that doesn't respond to light and head tilting. Causes include head trauma, diabetes, tumors, aneurysms, infarction (tissue death) and more.

Allergy Reaction of the body's immune system to a foreign substance (e.g., pollen, animal dander, etc.). When the eyes are affected, the most common symptoms are redness, itching, chemosis, tearing, swollen eyelids and stickiness. Read more about allergies and the eyes.( 13 January 2007 Press article Boothe Eye Center )


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Optician In the United States, opticians are not doctors, but in some states they must complete training and be licensed. And in some states they can, after special training, become certified to fit contact lenses. (Please visit the Opticians Association of America website for licensing requirements for various states.) Most opticians sell and fit eyeglasses, sunglasses, and specialty eyewear that are made to an optometrist's or ophthalmologist's prescription. Many also have equipment on the premises so they can grind lenses and put them in frames without ordering from a lab.

Disposable contact lenses Technically, this is any contact lens that is thrown away after a short period of time. Among most eye care practitioners, "disposable" usage ranges from one day to two weeks, while "frequent replacement" lenses are discarded monthly or quarterly.(15 November 2009 - Blog article Dr. William Boothe )

Obstruction: Blockage of a passageway. See, for example: Airway obstruction; Intestinal obstruction.

Sinusitis Inflammation of the sinuses, due to an infection or an allergic reaction. Probably the most common cause of pain in and around the eye. Symptoms include head pain (headache, pain around the eyes, toothache, jaw pain), nasal discharge, postnasal drip, coughing, eyelid swelling, swelling around the eyes, a stuffy nose, fatigue, bad breath and a sore throat.

Photoreceptor A light-sensitive cell found in the retina. Photoreceptors in the human retina are classified as cones and rods. Cones are located in the central retina (the fovea) and control color vision. Rods are located outside the fovea and control black/white vision in low-light conditions.

Skin: The skin is the body's outer covering. It protects us against heat and light, injury, and infection. It regulates body temperature and stores water, fat, and vitamin D. Weighing about 6 pounds, the skin is the body's largest organ. It is made up of two main layers; the outer epidermis and the inner dermis.Dr. Boothe

Phakic An eye that still has its natural lens. When an eye is aphakic, usually the lens has been removed during cataract or other eye surgery.

Edema: The swelling of soft tissues as a result of excess water accumulation. (01 March 2007 Dr. William Boothe )

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Hemorrhage Profuse bleeding.

Pseudotumor cerebri A condition whose symptoms mirror those of a brain tumor: increased intracranial pressure, headache, nausea, brief periods of vision loss (graying or blurring) and double vision. The cause is unknown, but patients are often obese women.( 20 February 2007 Press article Dr. Boothe )


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Chalazion : A cyst of the little glands in the eyelids that make a lubricant which they discharge through tiny openings in the edges of the lids. The lubricant is a fatty substance called sebum characteristic of sebaceous glands.

FDA (Food & Drug Administration) A U.S. government body that oversees medical devices and medications, including contact lenses, intraocular lenses, excimer lasers and eye drops. In the United States, these products must be approved by the FDA before they can be marketed.(04 December 2008 - Online press article Dr. William Boothe )

Antioxidant Substance that inhibits oxidation and can guard the body from damaging effects of free radicals. Molecules with one or more unpaired electrons, free radicals can destroy cells and play a role in many diseases. Antioxidant vitamins include B, C and beta carotene. Antioxidants may help prevent macular degeneration and other eye diseases; many studies are in progress. More about nutrition and the eyes.

Prescription lenses Lenses that provide vision correction as prescribed by an eye care practitioner.

Corneal: Pertaining to the cornea, the clear front window of the eye that transmits and focuses light into the eye.

Culture In medical terminology, tests of samples such as blood or body material to determine possible presence of bacteria or other substances.Dr. Boothe

Scrubs: A protective garment designed to be worn by the doctor, nurse, and others in the operating room. The garment was originally a gown. Scrubs now include the shirt and pants worn by those who scrub in for surgery.

Osteopetrosis Rare, hereditary disease in which the bones are too dense. Common symptoms include bone pain and fractures. Retinal degeneration may occur; it results in vision loss. (25 November 2009 Dr. Boothe )

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Corneal implants Devices (such as rings or contacts) placed in the eye, usually to correct vision.

Lead poisoning Condition resulting from excessive levels of lead in the body. Typically, children get lead poisoning from chewing or sucking on lead paint in older homes (lead paint was banned in the 70s). Some people remain symptom-free, but others may suffer convulsions, paralysis, learning difficulties or abdominal and other pain. Some people can also develop vision loss.( 05 July 2009 Online press Dr. Boothe )


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